Damaged nail matrix – how to treat it? Causes and symptoms

What are the causes of nail matrix damage?

The nail matrix is one of the fundamental and most important elements responsible for the proper growth of strong and healthy nails. Due to its structure, it is also particularly sensitive to any damage that affects its appearance but, most importantly, the health of the nail.

A damaged nail matrix can be caused by both mechanical and purely health-related reasons. Among the most common mechanical causes are various types of injuries. Damage to the matrix can be caused by hitting or pinching a finger, as well as wearing tight shoes. These situations create micro-injuries that progress and disrupt the process of healthy nail growth. The result? The nail plate becomes thinner, deformed, and deeper grooves and ridges begin to appear. 

Another fairly common mechanical cause is improperly removed hybrid, acrylic, or gel manicure. This often results from using overly sharp tools, filing, or removing nail designs in an aggressive manner.

The second group of causes for a damaged nail matrix are health-related. These include infections – bacterial, fungal, or viral. These infections can indirectly or directly trigger inflammation of the matrix, weakening the condition of the entire nail. When it comes to health-related causes, it is also worth mentioning dermatological conditions such as psoriasis or eczema. Additionally, changes in nails and matrix damage can sometimes be caused by nutritional deficiencies in the body. In this context, the following nutrients should be mentioned – biotin, zinc, and iron.

What symptoms indicate nail matrix damage?

Nail matrix damage can lead to serious and noticeable changes that should be identified as early as possible to immediately take the appropriate steps to address the nail condition – through proper care or treatment prescribed by a specialist (podiatrist, dermatologist, or surgeon).

Symptoms of matrix damage vary in severity, most often depending on the extent of the injury or nail condition.

Here is a list of the most common symptoms that may indicate nail matrix damage:

• Irregularities, lines, indentations, and ridges on the nail surface
• Negative changes in the nail shape, most often visible deformities
• Discoloration of the nail – yellowish stains or white spots on the surface
• Limited or halted nail growth
• Separation of the nail plate
• Brittleness or splitting of the nail, as well as pain around the nail area

What are the most effective methods for treating a damaged nail matrix?

As with most nail conditions and diseases, there are quite a few methods for treating a damaged nail matrix. 

The choice of treatment method naturally depends on the cause and extent of the damage. It is important to identify the problem as quickly as possible and apply appropriate, well-chosen methods to support regeneration of the nail and accelerate it as much as possible. Most importantly, to prevent the recurrence of the condition.

The most commonly used treatment methods for this nail condition are:

• Protecting the nail and matrix with special dressings or protective gels – suitable for minor damage
• Using regenerative preparations with ingredients such as vitamin E, biotin, and keratin
• Applying ointments or taking oral medications prescribed by a dermatologist or surgeon (in the case of bacterial or fungal causes)
• Treatments at a podiatrist, including laser therapy
• Protecting nails from contact with chemicals
• Implementing professional care and maintaining strict hygiene.

How long does the nail matrix regeneration process take?

The process of nail matrix regeneration requires time, patience, and adherence to care or pharmacological recommendations. Naturally, the time depends on the severity of the nail condition and each individual's predisposition. It usually starts at 2 months, but in more serious or neglected cases, it can take up to a year. 

It is worth noting that nail matrix regeneration requires consistent care and appropriate protection measures. Regular visits to a podiatrist or dermatologist will help monitor treatment progress and ensure this lengthy process is not unnecessarily prolonged.

Can nail matrix damage be prevented in the future?

Proper care and caution in everyday life are two key ways to prevent nail matrix damage. 

Here are some actions to help ensure that this nail condition doesn’t return!

• Use protective rubber gloves when performing household or professional tasks that put nails at risk of damage.
• Avoid opening packages with your nails – prying, scraping, etc.
• Limit situations that could lead to nail impacts or other mechanical damage.
• Regularly moisturize your nails and the cuticles around them.
• Avoid strong, aggressive products that cause dryness or irritation.
• Use appropriate file gradations and avoid aggressive tool use when filing nails.
• Avoid overloading nails with very heavy 3D decorations.
• Remove nail designs carefully and according to professional stylist recommendations.
• Maintain a balanced diet rich in biotin, silicon, zinc, and vitamins (mainly A and E).
• Avoid biting nails, a habit that often leads to matrix damage.
• The cuticles protect the nail matrix, so avoid excessive pushing of cuticles.
• Monitor the condition of your nail matrix with a dermatologist, surgeon, or podiatrist.